Periphyton communities in Amazonian black- and whitewater habitats: Community structure, biomass and productivity     

Rainer Putz 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1997,59(1):74-93

Chlorophyll a-concentrations, AFWD (ash-free-dry-weight) and photosynthesis rates were estimated for periphyton assemblages in Amazonian black-and white-water habitats over 14 months. Cellulose-acetate strips were incubated in situ and showed few major differences in periphyton quality as compared to natural substrata. The only exceptions were submersed Igapó forest leaves, which exhibited higher proportions of green algae and cyanobacteria though not producing differences in total periphyton biomass. Enclosure experiments showed a considerable nutrient release by inundated non-senescent Igapó forest leaves. Periphyton biomass and productivity were found to be highest in black-and white water mixing zones, where biomass peaked at 41.6 mg Chla/m² and 19.8 g/m² AFDW. Production was estimated to be 380 gC/m²·a. Maximum biomass of periphyton in floating meadows was 46 mg Chla/m² and 10.6 g/m² AFDW, with an annual production of 170 gC/m²·a. Solimões main channel periphyton values were low: maximum Chla was 7.1 mg/m², AFDW 0.8 g/m² and annual production was estimated to be 30 gC/m². Blackwater periphyton values were lower compared to whitewater and mixed water values but an enlarged trophogenic zone has to be taken into account. Highest Chla content reached 30.9 mg/m², AFDW 1.43 g/m². Estimated annual production was 110 gC/m². Observed mean periphyton productivity of Amazonian blackwater habitats approximately corresponded to mesotrophic attached algae productivity in temperate zones, whereas productivity of whitewater periphyton approached those of temperate eutrophic lakes. The role of periphyton in the Amazon food web is discussed.  相似文献   

泛滥平原沉积物的超低密度采样代表性研究(一)     

成杭新  谢学锦 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1997,(3)

运用１个样／１ｋｍ２、１个组合样／４ｋｍ２，１个样／（１００～１０００）ｋｍ２、１个样／（１０００～１００００）ｋｍ２的采样密度系统研究了泛滥平原沉积物的超低密度采样代表性。通过对Ｓｂ、Ａｓ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｎ、Ｎａ２Ｏ元素的地球化学分布模式，Ｗ的地球化学特征在不同采样密度间的信息传递，证明了用１个样／（１０００～１００００）ｋｍ２的采样密度，采集的泛滥平原沉积物具有代表性  相似文献   

Non-synchronous response of adjacent floodplain systems to Holocene environmental change     

Mark P. Taylor  John Lewin 《Geomorphology》1997,18(3-4)

Two adjacent upland floodplains are compared to establish the local response of floodplains to environmental change. Radiocarbon dating, the analysis of sedimentary exposures, terrace mapping, aerial photography and archaeological evidence are used to examine Late Quaternary valley fill sediments on the Afon Tanat and the Afon Vymwy in the Upper Severn Basin, Wales, UK.The alluvial stratigraphy of the two floodplain systems consists of Late Devensian (last glacial) fluvio-glacial sediments at the valley margins deposited under a braided outwash river regime. Holocene age terraces, with floodplain and palaeochannel deposits composed of gravels overlain by silty-sands, are inset into this older unit and were formed by meandering fluvial channel systems. A combination of field and laboratory data demonstrates that from the mid-late Holocene the two floodplain systems had divergent development. The Afon Vyrnwy has remained vertically stable for the last ca. 4000 yrs. whereas the adjacent Afon Tanat continued to be vertically and laterally active.Both floodplain systems have been affected by Late Quaternary climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic activity from the Bronze Age to the Roman period, but local geomorphic gradient controls, combined with a possibly greater focus of anthropogenic activity in the Tanat catchment, may explain the differential evolution of the two systems. The data demonstrate that multiple reach-scale studies are essential for revealing significant stages in the chronology and historical development of fluvial systems.  相似文献   

洪水对湿地系统的作用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

卢晓宁  邓伟 《湿地科学》2005,3(2):136-142

洪水是水流运动的一种自然现象,是河流对河滨洪泛湿地系统的一种正常的干扰。不定期的洪水干扰维持了河流与其洪泛湿地不同程度的水文连通性,成为维持河流洪泛湿地景观异质性和生态系统平衡的重要营力。作为河流极端的水文情势,排除较大规模的洪水所造成的一定的生态环境破坏和社会经济损失以外,洪水干扰对生态环境产生多方面的正效应。从洪水的生态意义角度出发,论述洪水干扰对湿地生态系统及其环境所产生的正面效应,包括洪水干扰对洪泛区湿地沉积过程的影响,促进湿地系统水循环以及对土壤发育产生影响,导致洪泛区及其湿地生态系统和景观的演替。  相似文献   

安庆铜矿Ⅰ号矿体生产勘探网度研究     

束学福 《矿物学报》2004,24(2):185-190

安庆铜矿Ⅰ号矿体是一隐伏矿体,目前采用VCR法进行采矿作业。根据目前VCR法尚无明确的网度规定和实际经验借鉴的实际情况,通过数学模型的建立,以及对影响勘探网度因素,包括厚度变化因素、矿化变化因素、边界变化因素、矿体内外接触带变化因素、矿石品位及内部结构变化因素和构造因素等六个方面的分析,结合实际生产探矿情况,认为目前矿山生产探矿采用网度20m×(15～20)m是基本合理的,并提出了改进意见。  相似文献   

The use of multivariate statistics to elucidate patterns of floodplain sedimentation at different spatial scales     

Martin C. Thoms  Melissa E. Parsons  John M. Foster 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(5):672-686

Floodplains are depositional features of riverine landscapes that display complex sedimentation patterns that are amenable to multi‐scale approaches. We examined sedimentation in the Lower Balonne floodplain, Queensland, Australia, at three different spatial scales: the channel (10³ km), floodplain process zone (10 km) and geomorphic unit (10² m) scales, and compared scale‐related patterns evident from stratigraphy with those evident from quantitative multivariate analysis. Three stratigraphic sequences were found in the Lower Balonne floodplain: generally fining upward, episodic fining upward, and mud‐dominated. Stratigraphical analysis revealed the detailed character of sedimentary sequences embedded within the scale patterns derived from multivariate analysis. Multivariate statistical analyses of a range of textural and geochemical data revealed different patterns of floodplain sedimentation at each scale. At the channel scale, sediment texture and geochemistry were more heterogeneous in the Culgoa River than in Briarie Creek. At the floodplain process zone scale clear patterns of sediment texture and geochemistry were observed along the upper, mid and lower floodplain process zones of Briarie Creek, but not along the Culgoa River. At the geomorphic unit scale, clear patterns of sediment texture and geochemistry were observed among the bank, buried channel and flat floodplain units of the Culgoa River, but were not as clear in Briarie Creek. Recognition of rivers as hierarchically organized systems is an emerging paradigm in river science. Our study supports this paradigm by demonstrating that different sedimentation patterns occur at different scales to reveal a hierarchically organized floodplain environment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Turbulence modeling of compound open-channel flows with and without vegetation on the floodplain using the Reynolds stress model     

Hyeongsik Kang  Sung-Uk Choi 《Advances in water resources》2006

A Reynolds stress model for the numerical simulation of compound open-channel flows with vegetation on the floodplain is described. The Reynolds stress model consists of various sub-models such as Speziale et al.’s model, Mellor and Herring’s model, and Rotta’s model for the pressure–strain correlation term, the turbulent diffusion term, and the dissipation term, respectively. For validation of the model, plain compound open-channel flows are simulated. The computed results were compared with measured data by [Tominaga A, Nezu I. Turbulent structure in compound open-channel flows. J Hydraul Eng, ASCE 1991;117(1):21–41] and the results show that the Reynolds stress model successfully simulates the mean flow and turbulence structure of plain compound channel flows. The model was then applied to compound open-channel flows with vegetated floodplains. Good agreement between the simulated results and data from an algebraic stress model by [Naot D, Nezu I, Nakagawa H. Hydrodynamic behavior of partly vegetated open channels. J Hydraul Eng, ASCE 1996;122(11):625–33] was found. However, it was shown that the RSM is capable of predicting the velocity dip and lateral shift in the maximum streamwise velocity, which were not observed in the data from algebraic stress modeling. Finally, a depth-averaged analysis of the streamwise momentum equation was performed to investigate the lateral momentum transfer in compound channel flows with vegetated floodplains. Compared with components by the secondary currents and Reynolds stress, the drag force due to the presence of vegetation appears to be a factor in reducing the bottom shear stress in both main channel and floodplain.  相似文献   

Levee morphology and sedimentology along the lower Tuross River, south-eastern Australia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Rob J. Ferguson  & Gary J. Brierley 《Sedimentology》1999,46(4):627-648

Levees on the lower Tuross River in south-eastern Australia reflect a complex interplay between depositional and erosional processes. Stream power, conditioned primarily by valley width, is the key determinant of levee morphology and sedimentology in this confined valley setting. Three styles of levee are described. The Rewlee levee is functionally linked to a flood channel in narrow valley settings (< 250 m). These levees contain a diverse facies assemblage characterized by various scales of erosion surfaces. Vertical accretion on levees has produced conditions under which stream power values exceed the threshold for catastrophic floodplain stripping. The levee at the Mortfield site is associated with less confined settings (valley width 500–600 m), which present lower flood stage and stream power conditions. This levee hosts a wide range of facies, but erosion surfaces are seldom observed. In the more open valley setting at the Central site (valley width 700–1000 m), levees comprise uniform, fine-grained deposits, which grade to pronounced distal floodplains with backswamps. As levees reflect a combination of within-channel and overbank processes, both depositional and erosional, these geomorphic features influence the character and sedimentology of adjacent landforms and the associated alluvial architecture of the basin.  相似文献   

长江中下游安庆沿江湖泊湿地夏季鸟类多样性调查   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

宫蕾  张黎黎  周立志  顾长明  朱文中 《湖泊科学》2013,25(6):872-882

湖泊湿地是鸟类的重要栖息地,湖泊湿地鸟类是湖泊生态系统重要的监测生物,湖泊湿地鸟类多样性及其影响因素的研究对湿地管理具有重要意义.2011年7-8月,采用样线法对长江中下游安庆沿江7个湖泊湿地的夏季鸟类资源进行了调查,以期为湖泊湿地资源管理提供依据.共记录到安庆沿江湖泊湿地鸟类14目35科82种,其中留鸟27种(占32.9%),夏候鸟37种(占45.1%);水鸟28种(占34.6%);肉食性、食虫和杂食性鸟类占多数,分别占30.5%、30.5%和23.2%;须浮鸥、夜鹭、丝光椋鸟、黑脸噪鹛、树麻雀、家燕等6种鸟类为优势种.物种数以黄大湖最高(50种),白荡湖和破罡湖最低(各28种);Shannon-Wiener指数以黄大湖最高(2.123),白荡湖最低(1.918);均匀度指数以龙感湖最高(0.865),菜子湖最低(0.739).进一步分析显示,鸟类物种数、多样性指数与湖泊面积呈显著正相关,鸟类物种数、多样性指数与干扰强度呈显著负相关.采取退田还湖、恢复湿地等途径增加湿地面积、生境类型和植被资源对于保护湖泊湿地的鸟类资源具有积极意义.  相似文献   

River–floodplain hydrology of an embanked lowland Chalk river and initial response to embankment removal     

H.M. Clilverd  J.R. Thompson  C.M. Heppell  C.D. Sayer  J.C. Axmacher 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):627-650

Abstract

Rivers have been channelized, deepened and constrained by embankments for centuries to increase agricultural productivity and improve flood defences. This has decreased the hydrological connectivity between rivers and their floodplains. We quantified the hydrological regime of a wet grassland meadow prior to and after the removal of river embankments. River and groundwater chemistry were also monitored to examine hydrological controls on floodplain nutrient status. Prior to restoration, the highest river flows (～2 m³ s^?1) were retained by the embankments. Under these flow conditions the usual hydraulic gradient from the floodplain to the river was reversed so that subsurface flows were directed towards the floodplain. Groundwater was depleted in dissolved oxygen (mean: 0.6 mg O₂ L^?1) and nitrate (mean: 0.5 mg NO₃ ^?-N L^?1) relative to river water (mean: 10.8 mg O₂ L^?1 and 6.2 mg NO₃ ^?-N L^?1, respectively). Removal of the embankments has reduced the channel capacity by an average of 60%. This has facilitated over-bank flow which is likely to favour conditions for improved flood storage and removal of river nutrients by floodplain sediments.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor K. Heal

Citation Clilverd, H.M., Thompson, J.R., Heppell, C.M., Sayer, C.D., and Axmacher, J.C., 2013. River–floodplain hydrology of an embanked lowland Chalk river and initial response to embankment removal. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (3), 627–650.  相似文献